Survey of period variations of superhumps in SU UMa-type dwarf novae
Kato, Taichi; Imada, Akira; Uemura, Makoto; Nogami, Daisaku; Maehara, Hiroyuki; Ishioka, Ryoko; Baba, Hajime; Matsumoto, Katsura; Iwamatsu, Hidetoshi; Kubota, Kaori; Sugiyasu, Kei; Soejima, Yuichi; Moritani, Yuuki; Ohshima, Tomohito; Ohashi, Hiroyuki; Tanaka, Junpei; Sasada, Mahito; Arai, Akira; Nakajima, Kazuhiro; Kiyota, Seiichiro; Tanabe, Kenji; Imamura, Kazuyoshi; Kunitomi, Nanae; Kunihiro, Kenji; Taguchi, Hiroki; Koizumi, Mitsuo; Yamada, Norimi; Nishi, Yuichi; Kida, Mayumi; Tanaka, Sawa; Ueoka, Rie; Yasui, Hideki; Maruoka, Koichi; Henden, Arne; Oksanen, Arto; Moilanen, Marko; Tikkanen, Petri; Aho, Mika; Monard, Berto; Itoh, Hiroshi; Dubovský, Pavol A.; Kudzej, Igor; Dančíková, Radka; Vanmunster, Tonny; Pietz, Jochen; Bolt, Greg; Boyd, David; Nelson, Peter; Krajci, Thomas; Cook, Lewis M.; Torii, Ken'ichi; Starkey, Donn R.; Shears, Jeremy; Jensen, Lasse-Teist; Masi, Gianluca; Hynek, Tomáš; Novák, Rudolf; Kocián, Radek; Král, Lukáš; Kučáková, Hana; Kolasa, Marek; Šťastný, Petr; Staels, Bart; Miller, Ian; Sano, Yasuo; De Ponthiere, Pierre; Miyashita, Atsushi; Crawford, Tim; Brady, Steve; Santallo, Roland; Richards, Tom; Martin, Brian; Buczynski, Denis; Richmond, Michael; Kern, Jim; Davis, Stacey; Crabtree, Dustin; Beaulieu, Kevin; Davis, Tracy; Aggleton, Matt; Morelle, Etienne; Pavlenko, Elena P.; Andreev, Maksim; Baklanov, Alexander; Koppelman, Michael D.; Billings, Gary; Urbančok, Ľubomír; Heathcote, Bernard; Gomez, Tomas L.; Voloshina, Irina; Retter, Alon; Mularczyk, Krzysztof; Zloczewski, Kamil; Olech, Arkadiusz; Kedzierski, Piotr; Pickard, Roger D.; Stockdale, Chris; Virtanen, Jani; Morikawa, Koichi; Hambsch, Franz-Josef; Garradd, Gordon; Gualdoni, Carlo; Geary, Keith; Omodaka, Toshihiro; Sakai, Nobuyuki; Michel, Raul; Gazeas, Kosmas D.; Niarchos, Panos G.; Yushchenko, Alexander V.; Mallia, Franco; Fiaschi, Marco; Good, Gerry A.; Walker, Stan; James, Nick; Douzu, Ken-ichi; Julian, Wm Mack, II; Butterworth, Neil D.; Shugarov, Sergey Yu.; Volkov, Igor; Chochol, Drahomír; Katysheva, Natalia; Rosenbush, Alexander E.; Khramtsova, Maria; Kehusmaa, Petri; Reszelski, Maciej; Bedient, James; Liller, William; Simonsen, Mike; Stubbings, Rod; Schmeer, Patrick; Muyllaert, Eddy; Kinnunen, Timo; Poyner, Gary; Ripero, Jose; Kriebel, Wolfgang; Ögmen, Yenal; Cárdenas, A. A.; Pojmański, Grzegorz
We systematically surveyed period variations of superhumps in SU UMa-type dwarf novae based on newly obtained data and past publications. In many systems, the evolution of the superhump period is found to be composed of three distinct stages: an early evolutionary stage with a longer superhump period, a middle stage with systematically varying periods, and a final stage with a shorter, stable superhump period. During the middle stage, many systems with superhump periods of less than 0.08 d show positive period derivatives. We present observational characteristics of these stages and give greatly improved statistics. Contrary to an earlier claim, we found no clear evidence for a variation of period derivatives among different superoutbursts of the same object. We present an interpretation that the lengthening of the superhump period is a result of the outward propagation of an eccentricity wave, which is limited by the radius near the tidal truncation. We interpret that late-stage superhumps are rejuvenated excitation of a 3:1 resonance when superhumps in the outer disk are effectively quenched. The general behavior of the period variation, particularly in systems with short orbital periods, appears to follow a scenario proposed in Kato, Maehara, and Monard (2008, PASJ, 60, L23). We also present an observational summary of WZ Sge-type dwarf novae. Many of them have shown long-enduring superhumps during a post-superoutburst stage having longer periods than those during the main superoutburst. The period derivatives in WZ Sge-type dwarf novae are found to be strongly correlated with the fractional superhump excess, or consequently with the mass ratio. WZ Sge-type dwarf novae with a long-lasting rebrightening or with multiple rebrightenings tend to have smaller period derivatives, and are excellent candidates for those systems around or after the period minimum of evolution of cataclysmic variables.
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